2020－2022年北京市通州区呼吸道感染患者呼吸道病原体流行特征分析

邹林; 高翔; 张冲; 佟玲; 王建国; 郗璐; 张建明; 刘永红; 彭晓旻

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202303220122

2020－2022年北京市通州区呼吸道感染患者呼吸道病原体流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogen infection in patients with respiratory tract infection in Tongzhou district, Beijing from 2020 to 2022

摘要

摘要:
目的调查2020—2022年北京市通州区呼吸道传染病病原体的流行特征，为临床呼吸道感染疾病的诊断治疗和疫情防控提供参考依据。
方法按照呼吸道感染病例纳入标准，收集 2020 年1月至2022年12月，到首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院就诊的1176例呼吸道感染患者的呼吸道样本，应用多重实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术，对29种呼吸道感染病原体的核酸进行检测和数据分析。
结果 1176例样本中，检出26种呼吸道传染病病原体核酸阳性，病毒和细菌总检出率34.86%（410/1176），其中单一感染病毒类病原体98例（23.90%，98/410），单一感染细菌类病原体185例（45.12%，185/410），检出大于1种病原体的混合感染127例（30.98%，127/410），其中病毒＋细菌混合感染39例（9.51%，39/410）、细菌＋细菌混合感染88例（21.46%，88/410）；＜5、5～17、18～44、45～64、≥65岁年龄组检出率分别为30.77%（24/78）、35.59（42/118）、29.06%（120/413）、36.28%（78/215）、41.48%（146/352）；上呼吸道和下呼吸道样本检出率分别为25.97%（195/751）和50.59%（215/425）；按样本采集时间分组，检出率前2位的月份组分别是2020年1月，检出率84.00%（21/25），2021年12月，检出率59.78%（55/92）。
结论 2020年1月至2022年12月北京市通州区呼吸道传染病感染病毒情况明显减少，病原体以细菌类多见，混合感染情况占比较高，混合感染主要以细菌类混合感染为主，其中重症肺炎病例混合感染情况更加复杂多样，感染率最高的细菌类病原体是铜绿假单胞菌，老年人为易感人群且男性更易感染；春秋季节为感染的高发期。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the detection of pathogens causing respiratory track infection in Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2020 to 2022 and provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of respiratory track infections and epidemic prevention and control.
Methods According to the inclusion criteria of respiratory tract infection cases, respiratory tract samples from 1176 patients with respiratory tract infection admitted to Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022 were collected. Multiple real-time PCR was used to detect nucleic acid of 29 pathogens causingrespiratory tract infection.
Results In the 1176 samples, 26 kinds of nucleic acid of pathogens causing respiratory infection were detected, the overall detection rate of viruses and bacteria was 34.86% (410/1176), single viral pathogen was detected in 98 samples (23.90%, 98/410), and single bacterial pathogen was in 185 samples (45.12%, 185/410), more than one pathogens were detected in 127 samples (30.98%, 127/410), including 39 virus + bacterium positive samples (9.51%, 39/410) and 88 bacterium + bacterium positive samples (21.46%, 88/410). Among different age groups, the detection rate was 30.77% in age group <5 years (24/78) , 35.59% in age group 5–17 years (42/118), 29.06% in age group 18–44 years (120/413), 36.28% in age group 45–64 years (78/215) and 41.48% in age group ≥65 years (146/352). The detection rate was 25.97% in upper respiratory tract samples (195/751) and 50.59% in lower respiratory tract samples (215/425). According to the classification of sample collection time, the detection rate was highest in January 2020 (84.00%, 21/25), followed by December 2021 (59.78%, 55/92).
Conclusion The incidence of respiratory track infection caused by viral pathogens decreased obviously in Tongzhou district of Beijing from January 2020 to December 2022, The respiratory track infections were mainly caused by bacterial pathogens in Tongzhou, and co-pathogen infections accounted for a relatively high proportion, especially bacterium + bacterium infections. The co-pathogen infection were more complex and diverse in severe pneumonia cases. The bacterial pathogen with the highest infection rate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The elderly people, especially men, was susceptible population. Spring and autumn was the seasons with high incidence of infection.

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