2017－2021年重庆市医务人员肺结核流行特征分析

吕娟; 陈宗良; 汪清雅; 张婷; 庞艳

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202304230180

2017－2021年重庆市医务人员肺结核流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in medical staff in Chongqing, 2017–2021

摘要

摘要:
目的分析2017—2021年重庆市医务人员肺结核流行病学特征，为制定有效防控措施降低医务人员感染风险提供依据。
方法通过“结核病管理信息系统”，收集重庆市2017—2021年登记的医务人员肺结核病案资料，进行描述性流行病学分析。
结果 2017—2021年重庆市登记医务人员肺结核687例，年均登记率为61.92/10万，总体呈下降趋势（趋势χ²=11.246，P<0.05）。病原学阳性肺结核占比呈总体上升趋势（趋势χ²=23.608，P<0.05）。 2020—2021年较2017—2019年肺结核登记率下降明显，差异有统计学意义（χ²=13.024，P<0.05）。渝东南的医务人员肺结核登记率最高（105.16/10万），其次是渝东北（99.52/10万），不同区域医务人员肺结核登记率差异有统计学意义（χ²=162.348，P<0.05）。 687例医务人员肺结核中，年龄中位数29.00岁。 25～34岁年龄组登记占比最高（50.51%），其次为<25岁年龄组（20.23%）。 <60岁年龄组患者以女性为主(74.25%)，≥60岁年龄组患者以男性为主（84.21%），差异有统计学意义（χ²=31.767，P<0.05）。 <25岁年龄组登记率最高（131.79/10万），其次为25～34岁年龄组（68.68/10万），随着年龄增加，总体呈下降趋势（趋势χ²=82.956，P<0.05）。
结论 2017—2021年重庆市医务人员肺结核登记率总体呈下降趋势，但每年均高于重庆市全人群肺结核登记率，且时间、地区和人群间流行呈现不平衡性，应重视重庆市医务人员的肺结核防控工作。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in medical staff in Chongqing from 2017 to 2021, and provide evidence for development of effective TB prevention and control measures to reduce the risk of infection in medical staff.
Methods The registration data of pulmonary TB in medical staff in Chongqing from 2017 to 2021 were collected from Tuberculosis Information Management System for a descriptive epidemiological analysis.
Results From 2017 to 2021, a total of 687 pulmonary Tb cases were registered in medical staff in Chongqing, with an average annual registration rate of 61.92/100 000, showing a downward trend (trend χ²=11.246, P<0.05). The proportion of pathogenic positive pulmonary TB cases showed an upward trend (trend χ² =23.608, P<0.05). The registration rate of pulmonary Tb cases during 2020–2021 decreased significantly compared with that during 2017–2019, the difference was significant (χ²=13.024, P<0.05). The highest registration rate of pulmonary TB was 105.16/100 000 in southeast Chongqing, followed by 99.52/100 000 in northeast Chongqing. The differences in registration rate of pulmonary TB in medical staff in different areas were significant (χ²=162.348, P<0.05). In the 687 cases, the median age was 29.00 years. The cases in age group 25–34 years accounted for the highest proportion (50.51%), followed by that in age group <25 years (20.23%). The majority of the cases in age group <60 years were women (74.25%), and in age group ≥60 years the majority of the cases were men (84.21%), the difference was significant (χ²=31.767, P<0.05). The age group <25 years had the highest registration rate (131.79/100 000), followed by age group 25–34 years (68.68/100 000), and the registration rate showed a downward trend with age (trend χ²=82.956, P<0.05).
Conclusion From 2017 to 2021, the annual registration rate of pulmonary TB in medical staff in Chongqing showed a downward trend, but it was higher than that in whole population in Chongqing. The incidence of pulmonary TB had varied time, area and population distributions in the medical staff. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pulmonary TB in medical staff in Chongqing.

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