2018－2022年福建省福州市百日咳流行病学特征及防控策略探讨

贾海梅; 陈杨伟; 王清华; 黄勋; 黄永翰

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202304260185

2018－2022年福建省福州市百日咳流行病学特征及防控策略探讨

Epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control strategies of pertussis in Fuzhou, Fujian province 2018−2020

摘要

摘要:
目的分析福建省福州市2018—2022年百日咳发病的流行病学特征，为制定百日咳防控措施和优化免疫规划策略提供参考。
方法对中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的福州市2018—2022年百日咳发病资料进行描述流行病学分析。
结果 2018—2022年福建省福州市共报告百日咳365例，无死亡病例。年报告发病率呈逐年上升趋势，年报告发病率由2018年的0.15/10万，上升到2022年的3.20/10万。报告医院由2018年4家增加到2022年14家。 2018—2020年福州市百日咳病例相对较少，呈现波动水平，没有明显季节发病特点。 2021年秋冬季为发病高峰，2022年2—6月为发病高峰。病例主要分布在城乡结合部和主城区。年龄别发病率以＜1岁（52.52/10万）最高，其次为5～9岁（3.94/10万）和1～4岁（3.49/10万），≥15岁发病例为0.01/10万。 3月龄至15岁儿童有免疫史占43.37%，其中1剂次占7.53%、2剂次1.43%、3剂次3.23%、4剂次31.18%，无免疫史的占32.62%，免疫史不详占24.01%。
结论福建省福州市2018—2022年百日咳报告发病呈上升趋势，主要集中在＜1岁儿童，适龄对象免疫空白比例较高，建议持续加强百日咳监测，进一步提高百日咳疫苗接种的及时性，持续保持高水平接种率。同时加强百日咳疫苗免疫效果研究，优化百日咳免疫策略，以减少小年龄易感者的发病。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Fuzhou, Fujian province from 2018 to 2022 and provide reference for pertussis prevention and control measures and optimizing immunization stategies.
Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of pertussis in Fuzhou, Fujian province during 2018−2022 was conducted by using the infectious disease surveillance data obtained from Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Results A total of 365 pertussis cases were reported in Fuzhou, Fujian province from 2018 to 2022, and no death case was reported. The reported pertussis incidence rate in Fuzhou was increasing year by year from 2018 to 2022 with the annual incidence rate increasing from 0.15/100000 in 2018 to 3.20/100000 in 2022. The number of reporting hospitals increased from 4 in 2018 to 14 in 2022. From 2018 to 2020, there were relatively few cases of pertussis in Fuzhou, Fujian province, showing a fluctuating level and no obvious seasonal characteristics. The cases were mainly in the autumn and winter in 2021, and from February to June in 2022. The cases were mainly distributed in the rural-urban fringe and the main urban area. The age-specific incidence was highest among children aged ＜1 years (52.5/100000), followed in age group 5−9 years (3.94/100000), in age group 1−4 years (3.49/100000). 43.37% of children aged 3 months to 15 years have been vaccinated , including 7.53% for 1 dose, 1.43% for 2 doses, 3.23% for 3 doses, and 31.18% for 4 doses. 32.62% for 0 doses, and 24.01% have an unknown.
Conclusions The incidence of pertussis increased year by year in Fuzhou, Fujian province during 2018-2022, and the age-specific incidence was highest among children aged ＜1 years. The proportion of immune blank in age-appropriate subjects was higher. We need continue doing following, including strengthen pertussis monitoring, improve the timeliness of pertussis vaccination, maintain a high level of coverage rate, strengthen the research on the effect of pertussis vaccine and optimize the immunization strategy of pertussis to reduce the incidence of young susceptible people.

HTML全文

参考文献(11)

施引文献

资源附件(0)