2021年贵州省贵阳市公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率现况调查分析

白璐璐; 黄延; 陈洪

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202305090210

2021年贵州省贵阳市公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率现况调查分析

Investigation of public awareness of core knowledge about tuberculosis prevention and control in Guiyang, Guizhou, 2021

摘要

摘要:
目的在“十三五”终期评估背景下，通过评价贵州省贵阳市公众结核病防治核心知识的知晓水平，分析总结健康促进工作成效，为贵阳市能制定更有效的“十四五”结核病防治健康促进与健康教育措施提供科学依据。
方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法，从贵阳市共抽取110个调查点，对调查点15岁及以上的常住人口进行结核病核心知晓率专项调查。效果指标包括单一核心知晓率、核心信息总知晓率，并运用χ²检验对不同人口学特征之间的单一核心知晓率、核心总知晓率进行比较。
结果本次调查共抽取调查对象3440人，实际调查3439人。 5条核心信息的总知晓率为76.67%，关于“肺结核是危害严重的慢性传染病”“肺结核的传播途径”“肺结核的症状”“肺结核的预防措施”“肺结核的愈后”的单一知晓率分别为60.51%、87.87%、88.95%、83.28%、62.69%。 66岁以上年龄组（71.24%）、文盲与半文盲（60.43%）、农业劳动者（71.64%）等人群总知晓率较低。贵阳市公众目前接受健康教育的主要途径为电视（60.66%），宣传栏/墙报/黑板报（47.62%），传单/折页/宣传画（44.88%）；调查人群中54.90%的公众希望通过广播/电视/电影/音像材料等途径获取结核病健康教育知识，40.88%的公众希望通过医生宣传途径获取。
结论贵阳市的公众结核病防治核心总知晓率在一定程度上有所提高，但距离“十三五”全国结核病防治规划的目标值还有一点差距，今后应更加精准的定位目标人群，重点加强对男性、老年人、文盲与半文盲、农业劳动者等特殊人群开展多种新形式的宣传工作，同时还应加强对肺结核的危害、预防措施及愈后的宣传教育。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the awareness level of core knowledge about tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control in general population in Guiyang in the 13^th Five-Year Plan period, evaluate the effectiveness of health promotion and provide scientific evidence for the development of more effective health promotion and health education measures for TB prevention and control in the 14^th Five-Year Plan period.
Methods Local residents aged ≥15 years from 110 survey points were selected through a proportional stratified cluster random sampling, and they were interviewed by using the unified questionnaire. Effect indicators include the overall and the single awareness rate of the key information, the data were analyzed with χ² test．
Results A total of 3 440 local residents were selected for this survey, and 3 439 were actually investigated. The awareness rate of 5 key messages of TB prevention and treatment was 76.67%, the awareness rates of “pulmonary TB is a serious chronic communicable disease”, “TB transmission route”, “TB symptom”, “TB preventive measures” and “TB prognosis” were 60.51%, 87.87%, 88.95%, 83.28% and 62.69%. The overall awareness rates in the residents aged over 66 years (71.24%), illiterate and semi-illiterate (60.43%), and agricultural workers (71.64%) were relatively low. Watching TV was the main way for the public (66.66%) in Guiyang to receive health education, followed by reading advocacy board (47.62%) and reading health promotion material (44.88%). In the residents surveyed, 54.90% want to receive health education about TB prevention and control from radio or TV programs and/film/audio-visual materials, and 40.88% hoped the advices from doctors.
Conclusion In 2021, the public awareness rate of the core knowledge about TB prevention and treatment showed increase in residents in Guiyang, but it didn’t reach the target of TB prevention and control in “13^th Five-Year Plan” of China. In the future, the target population should be more accurately identified, and new forms of health education should be carried out for key populations, such as men, the elderly, illiterate or semi-illiterate and agricultural workers, with emphasis on strengthening the health education about the hazards, preventive measures and prognosis of TB.

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