2007－2022年云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征分析

杨富萍; 于彬彬; 赵溯; 张青; 杨秋菊; 陈黎; 杨向东

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202305220237

2007－2022年云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, 2007−2022

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2007—2022年云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州（红河州）人间布鲁氏菌病（布病）的流行病学特征和变化趋势，为制订合理的防治对策提供科学依据。
方法收集2007—2022年中国疾病预防控制信息系统中云南省红河州的布病疫情数据，采用Excel 2019软件对数据进行整理并绘制图表，采用ArcGIS 10.7软件绘制病例空间分布图，采用χ²检验比较定性信息（不同年份、性别布病发病率）之间的差异，采用秩和检验比较病例不同年龄、性别、职业、报告年份间发病时间至诊断时间间隔，并用SPSS 25.0软件计算检验统计量及P值。
结果 2007—2022年红河州共报告布病695例，发病率为0.02/10万～2.67/10万，平均为0.95/10万，且各年度发病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=625.033，P<0.001）。布病发病季节性明显，3—9月是高峰期；20～59岁年龄组发病数较多，男性发病多于女性（χ²=88.491，P<0.001），农民是主要的发病群体；病例主要集中在泸西县、弥勒市和建水县；布病发病时间与诊断时间之间的间隔中位数为9 d，间隔时间在不同年份的差异有统计学意义［χ²（H）=62.338，P<0.001］。
结论近16年来，红河州人间布病疫情呈显著上升趋势。采取医患双向防控策略，加强布病健康教育及诊疗知识培训，加强病例管理，严格执行家畜流通环节检疫程序，积极主动监测重点人群健康状况，及时规范处置布病疫情是防治该病的重要措施。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of human brucellosis inHonghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Honghe prefecture) of Yunnan province from 2007 to 2022 and provide scientific basis for formulating reasonable prevention and control strategies.
Methods The incidence data of human brucellosis in Honghe from 2007 to 2022 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Software Excel 2019 was used for data process. Software ArcGIS 10.7 was used to visualize case spatial distribution. The differences in incidence rate of brucellosis among different years, gender groups were compared by χ² test. Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the time intervals between onset and diagnosis among cases in different age, gender, occupation groups, and in different years. SPSS 25.0 was used to calculate the test statistics and P-values.
Results A total of 695 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Honghe from 2007 to 2022. The incidence rate ranged from 0.02/100 000 to 2.67/100 000, and the average incidence rate was 0.95/100 000. The differences in annual incidence rate were significant (χ²=625.033, P<0.001). In addition, the incidence of brucellosis had seasonality, with incidence peak period from March to September. The incidence in age group 20−59 years was higher. More cases occurred in men than in women (χ²=88.491, P<0.001). Farmers were mostly affected. The cases were mainly distributed in Luxi, Mile and Jianshui. The median interval between the onset and diagnosis was 9 days. The differences in interval time among different years were significant χ²(H)=62.338, P<0.001 .
Conclusion The incidence of human brucellosis in Honghe showed a significant upward trend in the past 16 years. It is necessary to take effective prevention and control strategy, strengthen health education and medical staff training, improve case management, execute strict livestock quarantine and conduct active health monitoring in key populations and timely and standardized response to brucellosis epidemic for the prevention and control of human brucellosis .

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