Abstract: In December 2023, a total of 72 infectious diseases were reported globally, affecting 236 countries and regions. Except for influenza, the top five infectious diseases affecting greatest number of countries and regions were COVID-19 (236), mpox (116), dengue fever (36), measles (25) and cholera (14). The top five infectious diseases with highest case fatality rates were Lassa fever (17.9%), Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (9.2%), West Nile virus infection (8.6%), meningitis (7.1%) and diphtheria (5.7%). The top five infectious diseases with greatest number of deaths were COVID-19, malaria, dengue fever, measles and cholera. The prevalent infectious diseases in Asia were COVID-19, cholera, mpox, Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever and dengue fever, the prevalent infectious diseases in Africa were COVID-19, cholera, yellow fever, mpox, Lassa fever, diphtheria, malaria, poliomyelitis and measles, the prevalent infectious diseases in America were COVID-19, cholera, mpox and dengue fever, the prevalent infectious disease in Europe were COVID-19, mpox and measles.