Abstract: In January 2024, a total of 72 infectious diseases were reported globally, affecting 236 countries and regions. Except for influenza, the top five infectious diseases affecting greatest number of countries and regions were coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (236), mpox (117), dengue fever (36), measles (31) and cholera (15). The top five infectious diseases with highest case fatality rates were human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) (52.20%), Lassa fever (20.30%), yellow fever (16.70%), Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (9.00%) and mpox (7.10%). The top five infectious diseases with greatest number of deaths were COVID-19, cholera, dengue fever, measles and mpox. The prevalent infectious diseases in Asia were COVID-19, cholera, mpox, Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever and dengue fever, the prevalent infectious diseases in Africa were COVID-19, cholera, yellow fever, Lassa fever, Rift valley fever, mpox, diphtheria and malaria, the prevalent infectious diseases in America were COVID-19, cholera, mpox, dengue fever and chikungunya fever, the prevalent infectious disease in Europe were COVID-19, mpox and measles.