东盟国家输入我国新型冠状病毒肺炎病例流行病学特征分析

杨栋; 陈秋兰; 王哲; 陈宁; 朱曼桐

doi:10.3784/jbjc202105120259

东盟国家输入我国新型冠状病毒肺炎病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of imported cases of COVID-19 from Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries to China

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2020年1月1日至2021年2月28日东盟国家输入我国新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）病例的流行病学特征，为我国调整针对东盟国家入境人员COVID-19疫情防控策略提供基础信息。
方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统全国传染病报告信息管理系统获取输入我国病例数据，从世界卫生组织网站获取全球各国报告的COVID-19病例数据。运用描述性流行病学方法,分析东盟输入我国COVID-19病例的社会人口学特征、临床分型、三间分布及诊断及时性。
结果 2020年1月至2021年2月东盟国家输入我国（不含香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区，下同）COVID-19病例1 585例，占全球输入我国病例的18.51%。病例男、女性别比为3.95∶1，年龄为（35.21±11.09）岁；职业分布以工人（21.26%）、家政家务（13.56%）、商业服务（12.93%）为主。输入病例以无症状感染为主（921例，58.11%），其次为普通型（407例，25.68%）和轻型（256例，16.15%）。输入病例发病高峰为2020年8 — 10月(940例，59.46%)。病例感染来源国主要为菲律宾（775例，48.90%）、印度尼西亚（301例，18.99%）和新加坡（279例，17.60%），入境后目的地分布在24个省份，主要为广东省（420例，26.50%）、福建省（255例，16.09%）和上海市（137例，8.64%）。 83.85%的输入病例能在发病后3 d内得到诊断。
结论东盟国家输入COVID-19病例以男性青壮年无症状感染者为主。鉴于东盟国家近期仍对我国构成较大的输入风险，各入境点仍应严格落实我国现有的防控措施。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries in China from January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021, and provide evidence for the improvement of China's strategy of COVID-19 control towards travelers from ASEAN countries.
Methods Data were obtained from the National Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the World Health Organization (WHO) website. The socio-demographic characteristics, clinical types, temporal, spatial and population distributions of the imported COVID-19 cases from ASEAN countries in China were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.
Results From January 2020 to February 2021, a total 1 585 imported COVID-19 cases from ASEAN countries were reported in China, accounting for 18.51% of total imported cases in China. The sex ratio of the imported COVID-19 cases was 3.95:1. The average age of the cases was (35.21±11.09) years. Workers, house workers and people engaged in business service were the top 3 populations affected, with the proportions of 21.26%, 13.56% and 12.93%, respectively. The majority of imported cases were asymptomatic (921 cases, 58.11%), the others were pneumonia cases (407 cases, 25.68%) and mild cases (256 cases, 16.15%). The incidence peak of imported COVID-19 cases occurred during August - October, 2020 (940 cases, 59.46%). The main source countries were the Philippines (775 cases, 48.90%), Indonesia (301 cases, 18.99%) and Singapore (279 cases, 17.60%). The cases were distributed in 24 provinces and municipalities. Guangdong (420 cases, 26.50%), Fujian (255 cases, 16.09%) and Shanghai (137 cases, 8.64%) were the top 3 areas. There were 83.85% of the imported cases diagnosed within three days after onset.
Conclusion The majority of the imported COVID-19 cases in China from ASEAN countries were male young adults with asymptomatic infections. Given that the spread risk of COVID-19 from ASEAN countries might exist for a long time, all the entry points of China should continue the current strict control strategy to prevent community spread caused by imported COVID-19 cases.

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