2010－2021年中国不同人群自杀死亡流行特征及疾病负担分析

骆小波; 李晓弈; 刘玲; 黎昌兰; 常悦

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202306290304

2010－2021年中国不同人群自杀死亡流行特征及疾病负担分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of suicide in different populations in China, 2010−2021

摘要

摘要:
目的了解我国2010—2021年人群自杀疾病负担现状与趋势，为相关预防措施和政策制定提供参考依据。
方法利用2010—2021中国死因监测数据，计算不同组别自杀粗死亡率、标化死亡率、早死损失寿命年（YLL）率；采用Joinpoint 4.9.0软件描述不同组别自杀标化死亡率和标化YLL率变化趋势。
结果 2010—2021年自杀死亡率总体呈下降趋势（APC=−4.60%, P<0.001），标化死亡率由的9.94/10万下降至5.71/10万。其中男性和女性总体均呈现下降趋势，年度变化百分比（APC）分别为−3.89%和−5.62% （均P<0.001）。 2017—2021年10～24岁年龄组自杀死亡率呈现上升趋势（APC=17.17%，P<0.001）；2010—2021年25～44和75岁及以上年龄组均呈下降趋势，APC分别为−4.97%和−7.22%（均P<0.001）；2010—2021年45～59和60～74岁年龄组均呈下降趋势，APC分别为−5.69%和−8.65%（均P<0.001）。 2010—2021年YLL率总体呈下降趋势（APC= −3.21%，P<0.001）；2017—2021年10～24岁年龄组男性、女性和农村地区YLL率均呈上升趋势，APC分别为14.06%（P=0.003）、21.02%（P=0.001）和APC=13.80%（P=0.003）；2015—2021年城市地区呈显著上升趋势（APC=18.10%，P=0.001）。 2010—2021年25～44、45～59、60～74和75岁及以上各年龄组中，农村和男性YLL率分别高于城市和女性。
结论 2010—2021年我国人群总体自杀死亡率和YLL率均呈下降趋势，但自杀疾病负担仍然较重，应持续加强预防力度，尤其是农村地区、男性和10～24岁群体。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of suicide in different populations in China from 2010 to 2021, and provide reference for relevant prevention measure and policy development.
Methods The crude mortality rate, standardized mortality rate and years of life lost (YLL) rate of suicide in different populations were calculated by using the data of death cause surveillance in China from 2010 to 2021. Software Joinpoint 4.9.0 was used to describe the trend of standardized mortality and standardized YLL rates of suicide in different populations.
Results From 2010 to 2021, the overall mortality rate of suicide showed an decreasing trend in China (APC= −4.60%, P<0.001), and the standardized mortality rate decreased from 9.94/100 000 to 5.71/100 000; The annual percentage change (APC) was −3.89% in men and −5.62% in women (all P<0.001). The mortality rate of suicide in age group 10−24 years showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2021 (APC=17.17%, P<0.001). From 2010 to 2021, the mortality rate of suicide in age groups 25−44 and ≥75 years showed decreasing trends with the APC of −4.97% and −7.22%, respectively (all P<0.001); From 2010 to 2021, the mortality rate of suicide in age groups in 45−59 years and 60−74 years showed decreasing trends with the APC of −5.69% and −8.65%, respectively (all P<0.001). From 2010 to 2021, the YLL rate showed a decreasing trend (APC= −3.21%, P<0.001). The YLL rates in men, women and rural population aged 10−24 years showed increasing trends from 2017 to 2021 with the APC of 14.06% (P=0.003), 21.02% (P=0.001) and 13.80% (P=0.003), respectively; There was a significant upward trend in urban area from 2015 to 2021 (APC=18.10%, P=0.001). From 2010 to 2021, YLL rates in rural population and men were higher than those in urban population and women in age groups 25−44, 45−59, 60−74 and ≥75 years.
Conclusion From 2010 to 2021, the overall mortality rate and YLL rate of suicide showed downward trends in population in China, but the disease burden of suicide was still high, indicating that the strengthened prevention efforts should be continued, especially in rural areas, men and 10−24 age group.

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