Objective To understand the incidence of neonatal birth defects and related risk factors in Haikou, Hainan province, from 2016 to 2020, and provide reference for the development of prevention measures.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted by using the incidence data of neonatal birth defects in 31 860 newborns born in Hainan Maternal and Child Health Center and Haikou Maternal and Child Health Center from January 2016 to December 2020. The incidence of birth defects was statistically analyzed. Children with birth defects were divided into case group and healthy newborns matched with gender, age and birth time of the case group were selected as control group. The risk factors for birth defects were analyzed by multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis.
Results A total of 419 cases of birth defects were detected in 31 860 neonates, and the incidence of birth defects was 1.32%. The first five birth defects were congenital heart disease, multi finger (toes), cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects and hypospadias. Multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed year 2016−2017 (OR=2.903, 95% CI: 1.815−4.612), abnormal birth history (OR=2.518, 95% CI: 1.604−3.805), birth weight (OR=5.182, 95% CI: 3.627−8.519), alcohol consumption during pregnancy (OR=4.257, 95% CI: 3.106−6.115), smoking during pregnancy (OR=4.613, 95% CI: 3.327−7.185), virus infection in early pregnancy (OR=3.526, 95% CI: 2.413−5.114), pregnancy medication history (OR=8.903, 95% CI: 5.275−15.927), toxic substance exposure during pregnancy (OR=7.602, 95% CI: 4.713−13.165), malnutrition during pregnancy (OR=6.127, 95% CI: 3.952−11.864) and adverse mental stimulation during pregnancy (OR=2.308, 95% CI: 1.462−3.287) were risk factors for birth defects.
Conclusion The incidence of neonatal birth defects was high in Haikou, and there were many risk factors affecting the incidence of neonatal birth defects. Health education during pregnancy should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of birth defects.
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