Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Longnan, Gansu, 2016−2022

Objective  To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Longnan of Gansu province from 2016 to 2022 and provide evidence for the improvement of HFMD prevention and control strategies in Longnan.

Methods HFMD case samples were collected in Longnan from 2016 to 2022 for the detection of enteroviruses, including enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16), coxsackievirus A6 (Cox A6) and coxsackievirus A10 (Cox A10). A descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed.

Results A total of 1 029 samples of HFMD cases were detected, in which 674 were positive for enterovirus, with a detection rate of 65.50%. From 2016 to 2022, the predominant pathogens of HFMD, EV71, Cox A16 and Cox A6, spreaded alternately with year, and could be detected in spring, summer and autumn. The number of cases was higher in Wudu district than in other counties (districts) (χ²=416.804, P<0.01). The cases were mainly children under 5 years old (χ²=145.720, P<0.01), and more cases occurred in boys than in girls.

Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Longnan varied with area, season and population, showing double incidence peaks, and the major pathogen alternated. It is suggested to expand the coverage of surveillance and strengthen the prevention and control in key areas.