Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis in Yangquan city, Shanxi province, and explore the effectiveness of prevention and control measures.
Methods The report data and epidemiological investigation data of visceral leishmaniasis in Yangquan city from 2020 to 2022 were selected, and the data of prevention control and intervention measures such as detection and disposal of dogs, vector surveillance and health education were collected. The distribution characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis and the effect of prevention and control intervention measures were analyzed statistically in Yangquan city by software SPSS 26.0 and R4.4.1.
Results During 2020−2022, 236 cases of visceral leishmania were reported in Yangquan city, and the number of repored cases were 82, 97 and 57, respectively. The annual incidence rates were 5.78/100 000, 7.36/100 000 and 4.34/100 000, respectively, and the incidence difference was statistically significant. Visceral leishmaniasis was distributed in all age groups, and the age group of 60− 69 years old reported the most cases, accounting for 26.27% of all reported cases. There were 163 males and 73 females with a sex ratio of 2.23∶1. Farmers are high-risk occupations for visceral leishmaniasis; The cases were distributed in 5 counties (districts), among which Pingding county reported the most cases (94 cases), followed by suburban area (68 cases), and Yuxian reported the least cases (14 cases). There was a difference in seasons of reported cases. From 2020 to 2022, 6 324, 2 588 and 1 539 stray dogs were controlled, respectively, and the number of stray dogs under control decreased year by year. From 2020 to 2022, a total of 78396 domestic dogs were detected, including 4981 serum-antibody positive dogs, with a positive rate of 6.35%, and the positive rate of domestic dogs decreased from 7.58% to 3.71%. A total of 8033 Chinese Phlebotomus were captured, with an average density of 3.78 phlebotomus/(light · night), and the peak density of phlebotomus in 2021 decreased by 38.04% compared with 2020.
Conclusion In recent 3 years, the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in Yangquan city showed a decreasing trend, and the effectiveness of prevention and control was obvious through comprehensive intervention measures. However, it is still necessary to further explore the multi-dimensional monitoring and intervention system of “human-animal-vector”, further study the intervention effect of various intervention measures, and promote the prevention and control of kala-azar with low-cost measures and whole-health concept.
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