Objective To understand the willingness for prophylactic treatment of latent infection in close contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases and influencing factors in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and provide reference for further promotion of prophylactic treatment measures.
Methods A total of 608 patients with confirmed pulmonary TB were selected as index cases in high-burden and low-burden areas of Xinjiang from January 1 to December 31, 2023, and 663 close contacts of these cases were selected for a questionnaire survey to understand their willingness for prophylactic treatment of latent infection and influencing factors.
Results In the 663 close contacts of the pulmonary TB cases, 497 (74.96%) were willing to receive prophylactic treatment. History of smoking odds ratio (OR) =1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13−3.34, history of alcohol consumption (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.22−4.10), having physical exercise ＜four times a week (OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.14−3.43), living in areas with high burden of pulmonary TB (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.12−2.89), and good awareness of core knowledge of TB prevention and control (OR=2.94, 95%CI: 1.92−4.50) and good health education performance (OR=2.96, 95%CI: 1.89−4.61) were positive factors for prophylactic treatment. Age ≥65 years (OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.17−0.85), education level at or above college or bachelor's degree (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.10−0.55), and annual income ＞60000 yuan (OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.20−0.73) were negative factors for prophylactic treatment.
Conclusion In this study, the close contacts with potential latent infection were more willing to have prophylactic treatment, which was affected by age, education level, family economic level, lifestyle, local prevalence of pulmonary TB, awareness of core knowledge of pulmonary TB, and health education performance. It is necessary to strengthen health education about TB prevention and control to increase the acceptance of prophylactic treatment of latent infection in close contacts of pulmonary TB cases.
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