Analysis on pneumonia vaccine immunization in birth cohort of children in Binhai new district of Tianjin, 2017−2022

Objective To understand the coverage level of pneumonia vaccine and the first dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV13) immunizations in children born in Binhai new district of Tianjin from 2017 to 2022.

Methods The data about pneumonia vaccine immunization in children born in Binhai during 2017−2022 were collected from Tianjin Immunization Information System, the pneumonia vaccine immunization coverage rate was calculated and the age distribution of first dose of PCV13 vaccine immunization was analyzed, Mann-Kendall trend test was used to analyze the trend of pneumonia vaccine immunization coverage rate and the age distribution of the first dose of PCV13 vaccination in different years, and χ² test was used to analyze the differences between local children and migrant children.

Results A total of 131802 children were enrolled in the birth cohort from 2017 to 2022. The ≥1 dose, ≥3 dose and primary immunization coverage rates of PCV13 in 2017−2022 birth cohort were 23.47%, 18.51% and 20.56%, respectively. A total of 117567 children were enrolled in the birth cohort from 2017 to 2021. The coverage rate of one dose 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in 2017−2021 birth cohort was 13.96%. Mann-Kendall trend test showed that the coverage rates of ≥1 dose (Z= 2.630, P<0.05), ≥3 doses (Z= 2.630, P<0.05) and primary immunizations of PCV13 (Z= 2.254, P<0.05) increased with year in both local children and migrant children in 2017-2022 birth cohort. The overage rate of one dose PPV23 decreased with year in both local children and migrant children in 2017-2021 birth cohort (Z=-2.205, P<0.05). In 2017−2022 birth cohort, the result of χ² test showed that the coverage rates of ≥1 dose PCV13, ≥3 doses PCV13 and primary immunizations of PCV13 were higher in local children than in migrant children (P<0.05) and in children born in 2017 and 2018, the coverage rate of ≥1 dose PPV23 was higher in local children than in migrant children, the difference was significant (P<0.05). The median age for the first dose of PCV13 was 2 (2, 4) months. According to Mann-Kendall trend test, the proportion of children who received the first dose of PCV13 before age 3 months showed an increasing trend year by year (Z= 2.254, P<0.05). The proportion of children who received the first dose of PCV13 at or after age 16 months showed a decreasing trend year by year (Z= −2.630, P<0.05) in local children or migrant children.

Conclusion The coverage level of pneumonia vaccine immunization in Binhai new district of Tianjin increased from 2017 to 2022, but the coverage level was lower in migrant children than in local children. From 2017 to 2022, the median age for the first dose of PCV13 vaccine immunization increased year by year, but the median age was higher in migrant children than in local children. It is suggested to pay attention to the coverage level of pneumonia vaccine immunization in migrant children, and conduct health education about PCV13 in parents of migrant children under 2 months of age.