Abstract: Objective To understand the performance of syphilis serological detection in laboratories of medical institutions above county level in Zhejiang province and provide evidence for the further improvement of syphilis serological detection. Methods Proficiency panel (PP) samples were prepared for the specific detection and non-specific qualitative and quantitative detections of syphilis in different laboratories. Results Among the 496 laboratories involved, 470 were excellent (94.76%), 16 were qualified (3.22%) and 10 were nonqualified (2.02%). The coincidence rate of specific detection was 99.31% and the coincidence rates of non-specific qualitative and quantitative detections were 97.94% and 92.62% respectively. Conclusion The overall quality of syphilis serological detection was high in the laboratories involved in the evaluation. The quality of the specific detection was better than that of non-specific detection, but the detection proficiency in some laboratories needs to be improved, especially those in woman and child care facilities.