Abstract: Objective To understand the current mortality in residents in Shaanxi province and provide evidence for the targeted prevention and control of diseases. Methods The death cause surveillance data in Shaanxi in 2014 were used to calculate the mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, death cause constituent, death cause rank, potential years of life lost (PYLL), potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), average years of life lost (AYLL) in residents in Shaanxi in 2014. Results The crude mortality rate was 579.10/100 000,the adjusted mortality rate was 668.64/100 000.The mortality rate was higher in males than in females (2=193.02,P0.05). The main causes of deaths in different age groups were in consistent. The top 5 death causes were heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumors, injury and respiratory disease, respectively. Life expectancy was 74.20 years in males and 79.26 years in females. The top five causes of PYLL were malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, injury and respiratory disease. Conclusion Cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease and malignant tumor were the major diseases affecting people's health and life in Shaanxi, indicating that chronic diseases have become serious public health problems, and more attention should be paid to the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases.