Abstract: Objective To assess the risks of public health emergencies and communicable diseases concerned in the mainland of China in March 2017. Methods An internet based expert counsel was conducted to analyze the surveillance data of public health emergencies and priority communicable diseases in China reported through different channels, and the experts in all the provincial centers for disease control and prevention attended this video conference. Results According to the surveillance data of communicable diseases and public health emergencies, which was collected recently and in previous years, the most public health emergencies in March would be the outbreaks of other infectious diarrhea, influenza, mumps, varicella, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease in schools.After the spring festival, live poultry trade would be prosperous again, and due to the widespread of the outbreaks and serious virus contamination in this year, it is predicted that the incidence of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza virus might be higher in March, and the further development needs to be closely monitored. The risk of importation of Zika virus disease and yellow fever to China still exists, but it is very unlikely to cause local vector-borne transmission. Conclusion It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies would be higher in March 2017 than in February in China. Close attention should be paid to the public health risks of human infection with avian influenza virus, seasonal Influenza, viral diarrhoea,Zika virus disease and yellow fever.