Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and animal hosts in Gao'an county, Jiangxi province, from 2005 to 2016. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted by using the surveillance data of HFRS and rodent hosts in Gao'an from 2005 to 2016. Results The incidence rate of HFRS was relatively stable in Gao'an during this period. A total of 845 HFRS cases, including 35 deaths, were reported, the average incidence rate was 8.41/100 000, and the case fatality rate was 4.53%. There were two annual incidence peaks, one was in autumn and winter and another one was in spring. The incidence peak in winter and autumn was higher than that in spring. The majority of the cases were farmers. The incidence rate was higher in males than in females (2=89.52,P=0.01). The proportion of the cases aged 16-60 years decreased significantly after the expanding of immunization (2=18.38,P=0.01). The average density of rodents was 2.43%. The main indoor host was Rattus norvegicus, while the outdoor host was Rattus losea. The density of rodents didn't differ between the indoor host and outdoor host. The average index of HV carriage was 0.023 5. The index of HV carriage remained at high level after its obvious increase in 2011. Conclusion The risk of HFRS in Gao'an had increased significantly since 2011. The epidemiological characteristics of HFRS has been influenced by the inclusion of HFRS vaccination in national expanded program on immunization.