Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in Menglian, Yunan province, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods The blood samples of patients with unexplained fever, kidney samples of mouse, frogs and pigs and the middle stream urine of buffalos were collected for pathogen isolation/culture and microscopic agglutination test, then the serum antibody detection was conducted for diagnosed patients and host animals. Results During 2005-2013, a total 172 leptospirosis cases were reported in 6 townships in Menglian , the average incidence was 14.88/100 000, The incidence peak was during summer-autumn, the incidence was in decline, Most patients were farmers and young adults (81.4%), The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.97 : 1. Twelve serogroups of Leptospire were detected, but serogroup icterohemorrhagie was predominant (37.63%). The overall detection rate was 2.34% in host animal surveillance, but the detection rate was highest in rodents (3.50%). Conclusion The incidence of leptospirosis was in decline in Menglian, but it was still higher than average national level. Multi serogroups of Leptospire circulated and the rodents' carriage of Leptospire was high in Menglian, suggesting the possibility of local leptospirosis outbreak.