Abstract:
Objective To analyze the incidence trends of six vaccine preventable diseases,i. e. measles,pertussis, diphtheria,poliomyelitis,meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis,in Zhongshan,Guangdong province from 1964 to 2016.
Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the incidence trends of the six vaccine preventable diseases during this period.
Results A total of 166 229 cases of measles,pertussis,diphtheria,poliomyelitis,meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis,including 532 deaths,were reported in Zhongshan from 1964 to 2016. The average annual morbidity rate was 208.99/100 000,and the average annual mortality rate was 0.67/100 000. Compared with pre-vaccination era,the average annual incidence rate of measles decreased by 27.43% in vaccination activity stage. Compared with the vaccination activity stage,the average annual morbidity rates of measles,pertussis,diphtheria and poliomyelitis decreased by 88.96%,95.66%,99.48% and 97.76% in planed immunization stage,respectively. Compared with planed immunization stage, the average annual morbidity rate of measles decreased by 87.73% in expanded program on immunization(EPI)stage. The incidence of measles increased significantly again during 2004-2008. Except one pertussis case reported in 1997 and 2015 respectively,no pertussis case has been reported since 1989. No case of diphtheria has been reported for 25 consecutive years since 1992. No case of poliomyelitis has been reported for 26 consecutive years since 1991. Compared with pre-vaccination era, the average annual morbidity rates of meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis decreased by 99.61% and 97.51% respectively in vaccination era. The average annual morbidity rates of meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis further decreased by 81.82% and 95.16% in EPI stage,respectively.
Conclusion The incidences of the 6 vaccine preventable diseases in Zhongshan showed obvious declining trends after the implementation of planned immunization program. Vaccine immunization program is highly effective in the prevention and control of communicable diseases.